Numerical Study of Ferrofluid Forced Convection Heat Transfer in Tube with Magnetic Field
Authors
Abstract
This research study presents a numerical study on forced convection heat transfer of an aqueous ferrofluid passing through a circular copper tube in the presence of an alternating magnetic field. The flow passes through the tube under a uniform heat flux and laminar flow conditions. The primary objective was to intensify the particle migration and disturbance of the boundary layer by utilizing the magnetic field effect on the nanoparticles for more heat transfer enhancement. Complicated convection regimes caused by interactions between magnetic nanoparticles under various conditions were studied. The process of heat transfer was examined with different volume concentrations and under different frequencies of the applied magnetic field in detail. The convective heat transfer coefficient for distilled water and ferrofluid was measured and compared under various conditions. The results showed that applying an alternating magnetic field can enhance the convective heat transfer rate. The effects of magnetic field, volume concentration and Reynolds Number on the convective heat transfer coefficient were widely investigated, and the optimum conditions were obtained. Increasing the alternating magnetic field frequency and the volume fraction led to better heat transfer enhancement. The effect of the magnetic field in low Reynolds numbers was higher. The results showed that the modeling data were in a very good agreement with experimental data. The maximum error was around 10%.
Keywords
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2. Das, S. K., Choi, S.U., Pradeep, W., and Yu, T., Nanofluids: Science and Technology, John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey, 2007.
3. Rosensweig, R. E., Ferrohydrodynamics, Dover, New York, 1997.
4. Choi, S. U. S., “Enhancing Thermal Conductivity of Fluids with Nanoparticles Developments and Applications of Non-Newtonian Flows”, FED-231/MD 66, ASME, New York, pp. 99–103, 1995.
5. Wang, X., Xianfan, X., and Choi, S. U. S., “Thermal Conductivity of Nanoparticle–Fluid Mixture”, Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, Vol.13, pp. 474-480, 1999.
6. Liu, M. S., Ching-Cheng Lin, M., Huang, I. T., and Wang, C. C., “Enhancement of Thermal Conductivity with Carbon Nanotube for Nanofluids”, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 32, pp.1202-1210, 2005.
7. Liu, M. S., Lin, M. C. C., Huang, I. T., and Wang, C. C., “Enhancement of Thermal Conductivity with CuO for Nanofluids”, Chemical Engineering & Technology, Vol. 29, pp. 72-77, 2006.
8. Jana, S., Salehi-Khojin, A., and Zhong W.H., “Enhancement of Fluid Thermal Conductivity
by the Addition of Single and Hybrid Nano-Additives”, Thermochimica Acta, Vol. 462, pp. 45-55, 2007.
9. Hwang, Y., Park, H.S., Lee, J.K., and Jung, W.H., “Thermal Conductivity and Lubrication Characteristics of Nanofluids”, Current Applied Physics, Vol. 1,
pp. 67-71, 2006.
10. Li, Q., Xuan, Y., and Wang, J., “Experimental Investigations on Transport Properties of Magnetic Fxluids”, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, Vol. 30, pp. 109-116, 2005.
11. Gavili, A., Zabihi, F., Isfahani, T.D., and Sabbaghzadeh, J., “The Thermal Conductivity of Water Base Ferrofluids under Magnetic Field”, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, Vol. 41, pp. 94-98, 2012.
12. Xuan, Y., and Li, Q., “Investigation on Convective Heat Transfer and Flow Features of Nanofluids”, Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol. 125, pp. 151-155, 2003.
13. Jung, J.Y., Oh, H.S., and Kwak, H.Y., “Forced Convective Heat Transfer of Nanofluids in Microchannels”, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 52, pp. 466-472, 2009.
14. Anoop, K.B., Sundararajan, T., and Das, S.K., “Effect of Particle Size on the Convective Heat Transfer in Nanofluid in the Developing Region”, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 52, pp. 2189-2195, 2009.
15. Wen, D., and Ding, Y., “Experimental Investigation into Convective Heat Transfer of Nanofluids at the Entrance Region under Laminar Flow Conditions”, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 47, pp. 5181-5188, 2004.
16. ZeinaliHeris, S., Etemad, S.G., and Esfahany, M.N., “Experimental Investigation of Oxide Nanofluids Laminar Flow Convective Heat Transfer”, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 33, pp. 529-535, 2006.
17. Tahir S., and Mital, M., “Numerical Investigation of Laminar Nanofluid Developing Flow and Heat Transfer in a Circular Channel”, Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 39, pp. 8-14, 2012.
18. SyamSundar, L., Naik, M.T., Sharma, K.V., Singh, M.K., and Siva Reddy, T.C., “Experimental Investigation of Forced Convection Heat Transfer and Friction Factor in a Tube with Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanofluid”, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, Vol. 37, pp. 65-71, 2012.
19. Ashouri, M., Ebrahimi, B., Shafii, M.B., Saidi, M.H., and Saidi, M.S., “Correlation for Nusselt Number in Pure Magnetic Convection Ferrofluid Flow in a Square Cavity by a Numerical Investigation”, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 322, pp. 3607-3613, 2010.
20. Ganguly, R., Sen, S., and Puri, I.K., “Heat Transfer Augmentation Using a Magnetic Fluid under the Influence of a Line Dipole”, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 271, pp. 63-73, 2004.
21. Belyaev, A., and Smorodin, B., “Convection of a Ferrofluid in an Alternating Magnetic Field”, Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics, Vol. 50, pp. 558-565, 2009.
22. Li, Q., and Xuan, Y., “Experimental Investigation on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Magnetic Fluid Flow around a Fine Wire under the Influence of an External Magnetic Field”, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, Vol. 33, pp. 591-596, 2009.
23. Ghofrani, A., Dibaei, M.H., Hakim Sima, A., and Shafii, M.B., “Experimental Investigation on Laminar Forced Convection Heat Transfer of Ferrofluids under an Alternating Magnetic Field”, International Journal of Experimental Heat Transfer, Vol. 49, pp. 193-200, 2013.
24. Ho, C.J., Chen, M.W., and Li, Z.W., “Numerical Simulation of Natural Convection of Nanofluid in a Square Enclosure: Effects Due to Uncertainties of Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity”, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 51, pp. 4506-4516, 2008.
25. Syam Sundar, L., and Naik, M. T., “Experimental Investigation of Forced Convection Heat Transfer and Friction Factor in a Tube with Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanofluid”, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, Vol. 37, pp. 65-71, 2012.
26. Cheng, D. K., Field and Wave Electromagnetics, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1917.
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