Development of Circular Disk Model for Polymeric Nanocomposites and Micromechanical Analysis of Residual Stresses in Reinforced Fibers with Carbon Nanotubes
Authors
Abstract
In this study, Circular Disk Model (CDM) has been developed to determine the residual stresses in twophase and three- phase unit cell. The two-phase unit cell is consisting of carbon fiber and matrix. The three-phase unit cell is consisting of carbon fiber, carbon nanotubes and matrix in which the carbon fiber is reinforced with the carbon nanotube using electrophoresis method. For different volume fractions of carbon nanotubes, thermal properties of the carbon fiber and carbon nanotube in different linear and lateral directions and also different placement conditions of carbon nanotubes have been considered. Also, residual stresses distribution in two and three phases has been studied, separately. Results of micromechanical analysis of residual stresses obtained from Finite Element Method and CDM, confirms the evaluation and development of three dimensional CDM.
Keywords
1. Quek, M., “Analysis of Residual Stresses in a Single
Fibre–Matrix Composite”, International Journal of
Adhesion and Adhesives, Vol. 24, pp. 379-388, 2004.
3. Shokrieh, M. M., and Ghasemi, A. R., “Simulation of
Central Hole Drilling Process for Measurement of
Residual Stresses in Isotropic, Orthotropic, and
Laminated Composite Plates”, Journal of Composite
Materials, Vol. 41, pp. 435-452, 2007.
4. Ghasemi, A., Taheri-Behrooz, F., and Shokrieh, M.,
“Determination of Non-Uniform Residual Stresses in
Laminated Composites Using Integral Hole Drilling
Method: Experimental Evaluation”, Journal of
Composite Materials, Vol. 41, pp. 2293-2311, 2013.
5. Ghasemi, A., and Mohammadi. M., “Calculation of
Calibration Factors for Determination of Residual
Stresses in Fiber-Metal Laminates using Incremental
Hole-Drilling Method”, Journal of the Science and
Technology of Composites, Vol. 1, pp. 35-44, 2014.
7. Shokrieh, M., Safarabadi, M., and Ghaanee, A. A.,
“New Three-Dimensional Analytical Model to
Simulate Microresidual Stresses in Polymer Matrix
Composites”, Mechanics of Composite Materials,
Vol. 48, pp. 273-284, 2012.
8. Levin, I., Kaplan, W. D., Brandon. D., and Wieder,
T., “Residual Stresses in Alumina-SiC
Nanocomposites”. Acta Metallurgica et Materialia,
Vol. 42, pp. 1147-1154, 1994.
9. Todd, R., Bourke, M., Borsa, C., and Brook, R.,
“Neutron Diffraction Measurements of Residual
Stresses in Alumina/SiC Nanocomposites”, Acta
Materialia, Vol. 45, pp. 1791-1800, 1997.
10. Wu H., “Understanding residual stresses and fracture
toughness in ceramic nanocomposites”, Chapter 10,
In Shokrieh MM (ed.) Residual stresses in composite
materials., Oxford: Woodhead Publishing, pp.256–
292, 2014.
12. Gabr, M. H., Okumura, W., Ueda, H., Kuriyama, W.,
Uzawa, K., and Kimpara, I., “Mechanical and
Thermal Properties of Carbon Fiber/Polypropylene
Composite Filled with Nano-Clay”, Composites Part
B: Engineering, Vol. 69, pp. 94-100, 2015.
13.Ghasemi, A., Mohammadi, M., and Mohandes, M.,
“The Role of Carbon Nanofibers on Thermo-
Mechanical Properties of Polymer Matrix
Composites and Their Effect on Reduction of
Residual Stresses”, Composites Part B: Engineering,
Vol. 77, pp. 519-527, 2015.
14. Lubineau, G., and Rahaman, A., “A Review of
Strategies for Improving the Degradation Properties
of Laminated Continuous-Fiber/Epoxy Composites
with Carbon-Based Nanoreinforcements”, Carbon,
Vol. 50, pp. 2377-2359, 2012.
15. Barber, A., Zhao, Q., Wagner, H., and Baillie, C.,
“Characterization of E-Glass-Polypropylene
Interfaces Using Carbon Nanotubes as Strain
Sensors”, Composites Science and Technology, Vol.
64, pp. 1915-1919, 2004.
16.Haddon, RC., Itkis, ME., Bekyarova, E., and Yu, A.,
Multiscale Carbon Nanotube-Fiber Reinforcements
for Composites, US Pattern. 7,867,468, 2011.
17. Li, J., Wu, Z., Huang, C., Li, L., “Multiscale Carbon
Nanotube-Woven Glass Fiber Reinforced Cyanate
Ester/Epoxy Composites for Enhanced Mechanical
and Thermal Properties”, Composites Science and
Technology, Vol. 104, pp. 81-88, 2014.
18.An, Q., Rider. AN., and Thostenson, ET.,
“Electrophoretic Deposition of Carbon Nanotubes
onto Carbon-Fiber Fabric for Production of
Carbon/Epoxy Composites with Improved
Mechanical Properties”, Carbon, Vol. 50, pp. 4130-
4143, 2012.
19. Otsuka, K., Abe, Y., Kanai, N., Kobayashi, Y.,
Takenaka, S., and Tanabe, E., “Synthesis of Carbon
Nanotubes on Ni/Carbon-Fiber Catalysts under Mild
Conditions”, Carbon, Vol. 42, pp. 727-736, 2004.
20. Ismagilov, Z. R., Shikina, N. V., Kruchinin, V. N.,
Rudina, N. A., Ushakov, V. A., Vasenin, N. T., and
Veringa, H. J., “Development of Methods of
Growing Carbon Nanofibers on Silica Glass Fiber
Supports”, Catalysis Today, Vol. 102, pp. 85-93,
2005.
21. Rahaman, A., Kar, K., “Carbon Nanomaterials
Grown on E-Glass Fibers and Their Application in
Composite”, Composites Science and Technology,
Vol. 101, pp. 1-10, 2014.
22. Rahman, M., Zainuddin, S., Hosur, M., Malone, J.,
Salam, M., Kumar, A., and Jeelani, S.,
“Improvements in Mechanical and Thermo-
Mechanical Properties of E-Glass/Epoxy Composites
using Amino Functionalized MWCNTs”, Composite
Structures, Vol. 94, pp. 2397-2406, 2012.
23. Shazed, M., Suraya, A., Rahmanian, S., Salleh, M.
M., “Effect of Fibre Coating and Geometry on the
Tensile Properties of Hybrid Carbon Nanotube
Coated Carbon Fibre Reinforced Composite”,
Materials & Design, Vol. 54, pp. 660-669, 2014.
24.Hsueh, C. H., Becher, P. F., and Sun, E, Y.,
“Analyses of Thermal Expansion Behavior of
Intergranular Two- Phase Composites”, Journal of
Materials Science, Vol. 36, pp. 255-261, 2001.
25. Shokrieh, M., Daneshvar, A., and Akbari, S.,
“Reduction of Thermal Residual Stresses of
Laminated Polymer Composites by Addition of
Carbon Nanotubes”, Materials & Design, Vol. 53,
pp. 209-216, 2014.
26. Hu, N., Qiu, J., Li, Y., Chang, C., Atobe, S.,
Fukunaga, H., Liu, Y., Ning, H., Wu, L., Li, J., Yuan,
W., Watanabe, T., Yan, C., and Zhang, Y., “Multi-
Scale Numerical Simulations of Thermal Expansion
Properties of CNT-Reinforced Nanocomposites”,
Nanoscale Research Letters, Vol. 8, pp. 1-8, 2013.
Fibre–Matrix Composite”, International Journal of
Adhesion and Adhesives, Vol. 24, pp. 379-388, 2004.
3. Shokrieh, M. M., and Ghasemi, A. R., “Simulation of
Central Hole Drilling Process for Measurement of
Residual Stresses in Isotropic, Orthotropic, and
Laminated Composite Plates”, Journal of Composite
Materials, Vol. 41, pp. 435-452, 2007.
4. Ghasemi, A., Taheri-Behrooz, F., and Shokrieh, M.,
“Determination of Non-Uniform Residual Stresses in
Laminated Composites Using Integral Hole Drilling
Method: Experimental Evaluation”, Journal of
Composite Materials, Vol. 41, pp. 2293-2311, 2013.
5. Ghasemi, A., and Mohammadi. M., “Calculation of
Calibration Factors for Determination of Residual
Stresses in Fiber-Metal Laminates using Incremental
Hole-Drilling Method”, Journal of the Science and
Technology of Composites, Vol. 1, pp. 35-44, 2014.
7. Shokrieh, M., Safarabadi, M., and Ghaanee, A. A.,
“New Three-Dimensional Analytical Model to
Simulate Microresidual Stresses in Polymer Matrix
Composites”, Mechanics of Composite Materials,
Vol. 48, pp. 273-284, 2012.
8. Levin, I., Kaplan, W. D., Brandon. D., and Wieder,
T., “Residual Stresses in Alumina-SiC
Nanocomposites”. Acta Metallurgica et Materialia,
Vol. 42, pp. 1147-1154, 1994.
9. Todd, R., Bourke, M., Borsa, C., and Brook, R.,
“Neutron Diffraction Measurements of Residual
Stresses in Alumina/SiC Nanocomposites”, Acta
Materialia, Vol. 45, pp. 1791-1800, 1997.
10. Wu H., “Understanding residual stresses and fracture
toughness in ceramic nanocomposites”, Chapter 10,
In Shokrieh MM (ed.) Residual stresses in composite
materials., Oxford: Woodhead Publishing, pp.256–
292, 2014.
12. Gabr, M. H., Okumura, W., Ueda, H., Kuriyama, W.,
Uzawa, K., and Kimpara, I., “Mechanical and
Thermal Properties of Carbon Fiber/Polypropylene
Composite Filled with Nano-Clay”, Composites Part
B: Engineering, Vol. 69, pp. 94-100, 2015.
13.Ghasemi, A., Mohammadi, M., and Mohandes, M.,
“The Role of Carbon Nanofibers on Thermo-
Mechanical Properties of Polymer Matrix
Composites and Their Effect on Reduction of
Residual Stresses”, Composites Part B: Engineering,
Vol. 77, pp. 519-527, 2015.
14. Lubineau, G., and Rahaman, A., “A Review of
Strategies for Improving the Degradation Properties
of Laminated Continuous-Fiber/Epoxy Composites
with Carbon-Based Nanoreinforcements”, Carbon,
Vol. 50, pp. 2377-2359, 2012.
15. Barber, A., Zhao, Q., Wagner, H., and Baillie, C.,
“Characterization of E-Glass-Polypropylene
Interfaces Using Carbon Nanotubes as Strain
Sensors”, Composites Science and Technology, Vol.
64, pp. 1915-1919, 2004.
16.Haddon, RC., Itkis, ME., Bekyarova, E., and Yu, A.,
Multiscale Carbon Nanotube-Fiber Reinforcements
for Composites, US Pattern. 7,867,468, 2011.
17. Li, J., Wu, Z., Huang, C., Li, L., “Multiscale Carbon
Nanotube-Woven Glass Fiber Reinforced Cyanate
Ester/Epoxy Composites for Enhanced Mechanical
and Thermal Properties”, Composites Science and
Technology, Vol. 104, pp. 81-88, 2014.
18.An, Q., Rider. AN., and Thostenson, ET.,
“Electrophoretic Deposition of Carbon Nanotubes
onto Carbon-Fiber Fabric for Production of
Carbon/Epoxy Composites with Improved
Mechanical Properties”, Carbon, Vol. 50, pp. 4130-
4143, 2012.
19. Otsuka, K., Abe, Y., Kanai, N., Kobayashi, Y.,
Takenaka, S., and Tanabe, E., “Synthesis of Carbon
Nanotubes on Ni/Carbon-Fiber Catalysts under Mild
Conditions”, Carbon, Vol. 42, pp. 727-736, 2004.
20. Ismagilov, Z. R., Shikina, N. V., Kruchinin, V. N.,
Rudina, N. A., Ushakov, V. A., Vasenin, N. T., and
Veringa, H. J., “Development of Methods of
Growing Carbon Nanofibers on Silica Glass Fiber
Supports”, Catalysis Today, Vol. 102, pp. 85-93,
2005.
21. Rahaman, A., Kar, K., “Carbon Nanomaterials
Grown on E-Glass Fibers and Their Application in
Composite”, Composites Science and Technology,
Vol. 101, pp. 1-10, 2014.
22. Rahman, M., Zainuddin, S., Hosur, M., Malone, J.,
Salam, M., Kumar, A., and Jeelani, S.,
“Improvements in Mechanical and Thermo-
Mechanical Properties of E-Glass/Epoxy Composites
using Amino Functionalized MWCNTs”, Composite
Structures, Vol. 94, pp. 2397-2406, 2012.
23. Shazed, M., Suraya, A., Rahmanian, S., Salleh, M.
M., “Effect of Fibre Coating and Geometry on the
Tensile Properties of Hybrid Carbon Nanotube
Coated Carbon Fibre Reinforced Composite”,
Materials & Design, Vol. 54, pp. 660-669, 2014.
24.Hsueh, C. H., Becher, P. F., and Sun, E, Y.,
“Analyses of Thermal Expansion Behavior of
Intergranular Two- Phase Composites”, Journal of
Materials Science, Vol. 36, pp. 255-261, 2001.
25. Shokrieh, M., Daneshvar, A., and Akbari, S.,
“Reduction of Thermal Residual Stresses of
Laminated Polymer Composites by Addition of
Carbon Nanotubes”, Materials & Design, Vol. 53,
pp. 209-216, 2014.
26. Hu, N., Qiu, J., Li, Y., Chang, C., Atobe, S.,
Fukunaga, H., Liu, Y., Ning, H., Wu, L., Li, J., Yuan,
W., Watanabe, T., Yan, C., and Zhang, Y., “Multi-
Scale Numerical Simulations of Thermal Expansion
Properties of CNT-Reinforced Nanocomposites”,
Nanoscale Research Letters, Vol. 8, pp. 1-8, 2013.
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