Comparative Study of Laminar Convective Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop of Nanofluids through Curved Geometries
Author
Abstract
In this paper, numerical simulation of flow and heat transfer of Al2O3/water nanofluid has been carried out through three different geometries involving a straight pipe, a 90o curved pipe and a 180o curved pipe under constant heat flux condition. Employing singe-phase model for the nanofluid, the Navier-Stokes and energy equations for an incompressible and laminar flow have been solved in a body fitted coordinate system using a homemade code based on control-volume approach, while all thermophysical properties of the nanofluid are dependent on considered temperature. The effects of different nanoparticle concentration and centrifugal forces on the temperature and pressure field have been examined in detail. The accordance of numerical results with experimental data expresses the accuracy of the employed numerical method for simulating flow and heat transfer in the curved pipes, as well as the accuracy of the single-phase model of the nanofluid. The Presented results indicated that both the nanoparticle and curvature effects improve the heat transfer characteristics dramatically, but at the expense of considerable increase in pressure drop. Furthermore, the results showed that in order to obtain the optimum operating conditions of nanofluids, different parameters such as heat transfer enhancement and pressure drop must be considered simultaneously. Finally, a method has been proposed to indicate the proper nanofluid and flow geometry for special practical applications.
Keywords
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22. Rea, U., McKrell, T., Hu, L. W., and Buongiorno, J., “Laminar Convective Heat Transfer and Viscous Pressure Loss of Alumina-Water and Zirconia-Water Nanofluids”, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 52, No. 7-8, pp. 2042-2048, 2009.
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24. Hashemi, S. M,. and Akhavan-Behabadi, M. A., “An Empirical Study on Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Characteristics of CuO-Base Oil Nanofluid Flow in a Horizontal Helically Coiled Tube under Constant Heat Flux”, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 144-151, 2012.
25. Liu, J., Wang, F., Zhang, L., Fang, X., and Zhang, Z., “Thermodynamic Properties and Thermal Stability of Ionic Liquid-Based Nanofluids Containing Graphene as Advanced Heat Transfer Fluids for Medium-to-High-Temperature Applications”, Renewable Energy, Vol. 63, pp. 519-523, 2014
2. Van De Vosse, F. N., Van Steenhoven, A. A., Segal, A., and Janssen, J. D., “Finite Element Analysis of the Steady Laminar Entrance Flow in a 90° Curved Tube”, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, Vol. 9, pp. 275-287, 1989.
3. Kumar, V., Gupta, P., and Nigam, K. D. P., “Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Curved Tubes with Temperature-Dependent Properties”, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Vol. 46, No. 10, pp. 3226-3236, 2007.
4. Agrawal, Y., Talbot, L., and Gong, K., “Laser Anemometer Study of Flow Development in Curved Circular Pipes”, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 85, pp. 497-518, 1978.
5. Li, Q., and Xuan, Y., “Convective Heat Transfer and Flow Characteristics of Cu-Water Nanofluid”, Science in China, Series E: Technological Sciences, Vol. 45, No. 4, pp. 408-416, 2002.
6. Wen, D., and Ding, Y., “Experimental Investigation into Convective Heat Transfer of Nanofluids at the Entrance Region under Laminar Flow Conditions”, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 47, No. 24, pp. 5181-5188, 2004.
7. Yang, Y., Zhang, Z. G., Grulke, E. A., Anderson, W. B., and Wu, G., “Heat Transfer Properties of Nanoparticle-in-Fluid Dispersions (Nanofluids) in Laminar Flow”, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 48, No. 6, pp. 1107-1116, 2005.
8. Aminfar, H., and Motallebzadeh, R., “Numerical Investigation of the Effects of Nanoparticle Diameter on Velocity Field and Nanoparticle Distribution of Nanofluid using Lagrangian-Eulerian Approach”, Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, Vol. 32, No. 9, pp. 1311-1317, 2011.
9. Moraveji, M. K., Darabi, M., Haddad, S. M. H., and Davarnejad, R., “Modeling of Convective Heat Transfer of a Nanofluid in the Developing Region of Tube Flow with Computational Fluid Dynamics”,
10. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 38, No. 9, pp. 1291-1295, 2011.
11. Zeinali Heris, S., Noie, S. H., Talaii, E., and Sargolzaei, J., “Numerical Investigation of Al2O3/Water Nanofluid Laminar Convective Heat Transfer Through Triangular Ducts”, Nanoscale Research Letters, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 179-189, 2011.
12. Shariat, M., Akbarinia, A., Nezhad, A. H., Behzadmehr, A., and Laur, R., “Numerical Study of two Phase Laminar Mixed Convection Nanofluid in Elliptic Ducts”, Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 31, No. 14-15, pp. 2348-2359, 2011.
13. Akbarinia, A., and Behzadmehr, A., “Numerical Study of Laminar Mixed Convection of a Nanofluid in Horizontal Curved Tubes”, Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 27, No. 8-9, pp. 1327-1337, 2007.
14. Akbarinia, A., “Impacts of Nanofluid Flow on Skin Friction Factor and Nusselt Number in Curved Tubes with Constant Mass Flow”, International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 229-241, 2008.
15. Akbarinia, A., and Laur, R., “Investigating the Diameter of Solid Particles Effects on a Laminar Nanofluid Flow in a Curved Tube using a two Phase Approach”, International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 706-714, 2009.
16. Sasmito, A. P., Kurnia, J. C., and Mujumdar, A. S., “Numerical Evaluation of Laminar Heat Transfer Enhancement in Nanofluid Flow in Coiled Square Tubes”, Nanoscale Research Letters, Vol. 6, pp 1-14, 2011.
17. Bahremand, H., Abbassi, A., and Saffar-Avval, M., “Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Turbulent Nanofluid Flow in Helically Coiled Tubes under Constant Wall Heat Flux using Eulerian-Lagrangian Approach”, Powder Technology, Vol. 269, pp. 93-100, 2015.
18. Azmi, W. H., Sharma, K. V., Sarma, P. K., Mamat, R., Anuar, S., and Syam Sundar, L., “Numerical Validation of Experimental Heat Transfer Coefficient with SiO2 Nanofluid Flowing in a Tube with Twisted Tape Inserts”, Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 73, No. 1, pp. 296-306, 2014.
19. Khoshvaght-Aliabadi, M., Hormozi, F., and Zamzamian, A., “Effects of Geometrical Parameters on Performance of Plate-Fin Heat Exchanger: Vortex-Generator as Core Surface and Nanofluid as Working Media”, Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 70, No. 1, pp. 565-579, 2014.
20. Hussein, A. M., Sharma, K. V., Bakar, R. A., and Kadirgama, K., “A Review of Forced Convection Heat Transfer Enhancement and Hydrodynamic Characteristics of a Nanofluid”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 29, pp. 734-743, 2014.
21. Ebrahimnia-Bajestan, E., and Niazmand, H., “Convective Heat Transfer of Nanofluids Flows through an Isothermally Heated Curved Pipe”, Iranian Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 81-97., 2011.
22. Rea, U., McKrell, T., Hu, L. W., and Buongiorno, J., “Laminar Convective Heat Transfer and Viscous Pressure Loss of Alumina-Water and Zirconia-Water Nanofluids”, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 52, No. 7-8, pp. 2042-2048, 2009.
23. Incropera, F. P., and DeWitt D. P., Introduction To Heat Transfer, 4th ed., 2002.
24. Hashemi, S. M,. and Akhavan-Behabadi, M. A., “An Empirical Study on Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Characteristics of CuO-Base Oil Nanofluid Flow in a Horizontal Helically Coiled Tube under Constant Heat Flux”, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 144-151, 2012.
25. Liu, J., Wang, F., Zhang, L., Fang, X., and Zhang, Z., “Thermodynamic Properties and Thermal Stability of Ionic Liquid-Based Nanofluids Containing Graphene as Advanced Heat Transfer Fluids for Medium-to-High-Temperature Applications”, Renewable Energy, Vol. 63, pp. 519-523, 2014
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