Statistical Analysis of Energy Harvesting From Functionally Graded Cantilever Beam with Piezoelectric Layer
Authors
Abstract
One of the new methods for powering low power electronic devices is the use of mechanical energies due to vibrations. In this method, the piezoelectric material is employed for converting the mechanical energy of vibration into the electrical energy. The advantage of this method is needlessness of using the battery charging system. In this paper, the functionally graded (FG) cantilever with the piezoelectric layer is considered as energy harvester system. The mathematical model of the system is constructed and the governing equation for electromechanical coupling is presented. Then the effects of the system parameters on the generated power is studied. Finally, by considering uncertainties in energy harvester parameters, the effect of uncertainties on the produced energy is investigated by Monte-Carlo simulation method for the first time. The results show that although the amount of generated power in the first natural frequency is higher than the other frequencies, but around the first natural frequency, the effect of uncertainties is increased and thus, the reliability of the energy harvester will be decreased.
Keywords
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17. Larkin, K. and Abdelkefi, A., “Neutral Axis Modeling and Effectiveness of Functionally Graded Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters”, Composite Structures, Vol. 213, pp. 25-36, 2019.
18. Chu, L., Li, Y. and Dui, G., “Nonlinear Analysis of Functionally Graded Flexoelectric Nanoscale Energy Harvesters”, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, Vol. 167, p. 105282, 2020.
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20. Allen, M. P. and Tildesley, D. J., Computer Simulation of Liquids, Oxford university press, 2017.
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22. Choi, S. K., Grandhi, R. and Canfield, R. A., Reliability-Based Structural Design, Springer Science & Business Media, 2006.
2. Smits, J. G. and Choi, W. s., “The Constituent Equations of Piezoelectric Heterogeneous Bimorphs”, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, Vol. 38, pp. 256-270, 1991.
3. Kim, S. H., Ahn, J. H., Chung, H. M. and Kang, H. W., “Analysis of Piezoelectric Effects on Various Loading Conditions for Energy Harvesting in a Bridge System”, Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, Vol. 167, pp. 468-483, 2011.
4. Wu, X., Lee and D. W., “An Electromagnetic Energy Harvesting Device Based on High Efficiency Windmill Structure for Wireless Forest Fire Monitoring Application”, Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, Vol. 219, pp. 73-79, 2014.
5. Zurkinden, A., Campanile, F. and Martinelli, L., “Wave Energy Converter Through Piezoelectric Polymers”, Proceedings of the COMSOL Users Conference (Grenoble), 2007.
6. Xie, X., Wang, Q. and Wu, N., “Potential of a Piezoelectric Energy Harvester From Sea Waves”, Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 333, pp. 1421-1429, 2014.
7. Cleante, V. G., Brennan, M. J., Gatti, G. and Thompson, D. J., “On the Target Frequency for Harvesting Energy From Track Vibrations Due to Passing Trains”, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, Vol. 114, pp.212-223, 2019.
8. Chen, C., Sharafi, A. and Sun, J. Q., “A High Density Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Device From Highway Traffic–Design Analysis and Laboratory Validation”, Applied Energy, Vol. 269, pp. 115073, 2020.
9. Zou, H. X., Li, M., Zhao, L. C., Gao, Q. H., Wei, K. X., Zuo, L. and Zhang, W. M., “A Magnetically Coupled Bistable Piezoelectric Harvester for Underwater Energy Harvesting”, Energy, Vol. 217, p. 119429, 2021
10. Wang, Q., Pei, X., Wang, Q. and Jiang, S., “Finite Element Analysis of A Unimorph Cantilever for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting”, International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, Vol. 40, pp. 341-351, 2012.
11. Amini, Y., Emdad, H. and Farid, M., “Finite Element Modeling of Functionally Graded Piezoelectric Harvesters”, Composite Structures, Vol. 129, pp. 165-176, 2015.
12. Amini, Y., Fatehi, P., Heshmati, M. and Parandvar, H., “Time Domain and Frequency Domain Analysis of Functionally Graded Piezoelectric Harvesters Subjected to Random Vibration: Finite Element Modeling”, Composite Structures, Vol. 136, pp. 384-393, 2016.
13. Derayatifar, M., Tahani, M. and Moeenfard, H., “Nonlinear Analysis of Functionally Graded Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters”, Composite Structures, Vol. 182, pp. 199-208, 2017.
14. Biswal, A. R., Roy, T. and Behera, R. K., “Optimal Vibration Energy Harvesting From Non-Prismatic Axially Functionally Graded Piezolaminated Cantilever Beam Using Genetic Algorithm”, Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, Vol. 28, pp. 1957-1976, 2017.
15. Fatehi, P. and Farid, M., “Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting from Nonlinear Vibrations of Functionally Graded Beams: Finite-Element Approach”, Journal of Engineering Mechanics, Vol. 145, p. 04018116, 2019.
16. Heshmati, M. and Amini, Y., “A Comprehensive Study on The Functionally Graded Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting From Vibrations of a Graded Beam Under Travelling Multi-Oscillators”, Applied Mathematical Modelling, Vol. 66, pp. 344-361, 2019.
17. Larkin, K. and Abdelkefi, A., “Neutral Axis Modeling and Effectiveness of Functionally Graded Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters”, Composite Structures, Vol. 213, pp. 25-36, 2019.
18. Chu, L., Li, Y. and Dui, G., “Nonlinear Analysis of Functionally Graded Flexoelectric Nanoscale Energy Harvesters”, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, Vol. 167, p. 105282, 2020.
19. Erturk, A. and Inman, D. J., “A Distributed Parameter Electromechanical Model for Cantilevered Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters”, Journal of Vibration and Acoustics, Vol. 130, p. 041002, 2008.
20. Allen, M. P. and Tildesley, D. J., Computer Simulation of Liquids, Oxford university press, 2017.
21. Johnson, R. and Bhattacharyya, G., Statistical Concepts and Methods, Wiley Series in Probality and Mathematical Statistics, 1977.
22. Choi, S. K., Grandhi, R. and Canfield, R. A., Reliability-Based Structural Design, Springer Science & Business Media, 2006.
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